Arcus Senilis

Ancient Recognition: Descriptions of eye changes resembling Arcus senilis appear in ancient Greek and Roman medical texts.In some cultures, it symbolizes wisdom and age, while in others, it raises health concerns, especially in younger individuals.

Corneal Arcus Formation:

Corneal arcus, or arcus senilis, is a gray or white ring around the cornea, often linked to aging and lipid metabolism disorders.

• Role of the Limbus:

The limbus, which is the junction between the cornea and sclera, is crucial for the development of corneal arcus due to its vascular structure.

• Increased Perfusion:

The superior and inferior regions of the cornea have higher blood perfusion compared to the central cornea.

• Capillary Permeability:

These areas also feature capillaries with greater permeability, allowing for enhanced delivery of lipids and lipoproteins.

• Lipid Accumulation:

Lipids such as cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, and lipoproteins are preferentially transported to the more perfused regions.

When these lipids exceed the reach of small blood vessels, they accumulate in the peripheral cornea, leading to the formation of corneal arcus.

Causes of Arcus Senilis

Hypertriglyceridemia

Alcohol abuse disorder

Carotid vascular disease 

Aging